Showing posts with label #history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label #history. Show all posts

Saturday, June 26, 2021

The Pandemic and the Classroom, A Teacher's View

  (Since I retired at the end of the 2019-2020 school year, I asked a current teacher, Justin Sumner, to write a guest blog on his reflection of the teaching during the past school year. --- Jeff Burns)


Born and raised in Georgia, Mr. Sumner graduated high school in 2010 from Mary Persons High, earned his B.A. in history from Gordon State College then proceeded to earn a Master’s in Education from Georgia Southern and a Specialist in Education from West Georgia. He began teaching at Ola High in McDonough Georgia immediately after graduating from Gordon in January 2015 and has since taught a wide array of Social Studies courses. These include: Geography, World History, Psychology, Sociology, US History, and AP US History. He is the head girls’ basketball coach and helps out with volleyball.



 The COVID-19 pandemic brought changes, both negative and positive to the world of education. For me, I have always thrived at creating lasting relationships with my students that allow me to have a keen sense of their thought processes, emotions, strengths and weaknesses academically, and ultimately help make them comfortable during the time they are in my classroom. This allows me to identify ways to best help each student succeed. My first day of school tradition is to quickly introduce myself, go over any paperwork required, and then sit down and observe. I want to see how each student acts in their free time. Do they go talk to another student, get out a book, play on their cellphone, put their head down, etc. This is just one part of the process of getting to know my students. This year, I sat in front of a computer screen with 30% of my students being nothing more than the letter of their first name as an icon and the ones that turned their cameras on facing a world of technical difficulties, an unwillingness to turn their microphones on, and some obviously not paying attention. I was unable to make the connections that I wanted to make. Even upon transitioning to a hybrid model with 5-10 students in person and the rest online, it was near impossible to get to know the students. Masks covered their faces, more students refused to turn their cameras on, and participation rates began to decline. 




Students quickly caught on that there was not much we could do as teachers to force them to participate. There were no harsh consequences for when they refused to do their work. Deadlines turned into “I’d like to have it by” and assessments turned into group projects. On test days, half of my in-person learners would choose to stay home and the average score for at-home learners were typically much higher than in-person. Students who struggled on the first few tests or had not completed the work would magically make high A’s and perfect scores while at home assessing. There was little we could do to prevent this. Keep in mind, this was an issue with grade level, honors, and Advanced Placement students. Every teacher seemingly had similar issues.  




 It seems like the term “overwhelmed” was the most used term of the year, but I could see that many students and teachers were.. The pandemic allowed for teachers to experiment with content delivery methods, some proving to be more successful than others. Teaching a subject, APUSH (Advanced Placement US history), for the first time this year, I experimented quite a bit in the beginning. Ultimately, upon discussions with the students and examining the results of their assessments, I concluded what I have long believed: students want to simply be told what they need to know. They were being assigned work, by myself and other teachers, that seemed to me to be busy work. The type of work that checks a box to say that the students have been given something. It served no real purpose. As such, I aimed to streamline my work to be as concise as possible in an attempt to prevent a feeling of being overwhelmed. I examined the standards and objectives of my courses and taught just that. I then created my assessments to match the Georgia Milestone and APUSH exams to the best of my ability and used those to gauge how well my students were understanding the content and to prepare them for those exams in May. I believe this idea of keeping the content and skills taught as concise and focused as possible will go a long way in future years to prevent both student and teacher burnout.





  Ultimately, the pandemic created a dreadful year for many. I love teaching, it’s truly a passion of mine. I am an introvert but interacting with my students brings me joy, and COVID made that very difficult to do. I was also raised to have a great work ethic and it is disheartening to see students simply refuse to do what they are asked to do. I worry how apathetic they will be next year when returning in-person full time. It’s not uncommon to have a small handful of students who refuse to attend class or complete their work, but will we see a large portion of the students be this way now? Finally, while the pandemic was truly difficult for many people, have we conditioned ourselves and students to feel overwhelmed at any sign of difficulty? Students need to be encouraged that they are capable of conquering obstacles, but we as teachers need to work to make sure those obstacles are true learning experiences and not unnecessary bumps in the road. I look forward to a different and better year next year.

Wednesday, June 21, 2017

Sidewalk Chalk Art Review

By Jeff Burns

It’s the end of the year, and teachers are always searching for fun and meaningful ways to review material and prepare for those end of course tests, finals, and AP exams.  Why not take it outside and engage your students’ creativity in the process.

For a couple of years now, I have taken my AP US history classes outside to do sidewalk chalk review.  It’s simple and takes just a couple of periods.  First, I assigned each group one of the APUSH time periods. Their instructions were simple: design and create a sidewalk square that illustrates the most important themes, concepts, events, ideas, and people of the assigned period. They had one period to plan, and one period to draw. 


It doesn’t require much:  administrator’s permission and sidewalk chalk.  Dollar stores have cheap sidewalk chalk.  I got it for $1 a box at Dollar general.  Some students even brought their own.  Other useful tools that students brought included stiff dust brooms for erasing and spray water bottles. To get their best effort, I offered a replacement grade to the groups with the best squares, judged by the other US history teachers in my department.  

 

Sunday, May 21, 2017

Using Games to understand Historical Narratives





Looking of interesting ways to engage students in examining a time period as the end of the year approaches? Consider historical narratives as a way to develop an understanding a time period. The modern historical narrative has moved beyond the book to include movies, documentaries, and games. Each format offers the viewer a look into another historical period.  Use the steps below to use examinations of computer games as historical narratives in your history class.

Step 1: Define historical narrative.
Historical narratives blend historical facts with fictional people, places and details. Key elements of historical narratives include the focus of one individual’s point of view, accurate historical elements, and chronological organization.  

Step 2: Use a model narrative to explore the historical examination process.
Select key moments in a historical narrative. Provide opportunities to students to connect elements from historical narrative to historical period.
·       What historical event is linked to the narrative?
·       How does the narrative help to illustrate the significance of historical event?

Step 3: Provide opportunity for students to play games.
            Possible Games:
            Rail, Sail, Overland Mail!

Jamestown Adventure                     

Fling the Teacher-World War II


Step 4: Task students with independent analysis.
            Sample Tasks:

Directions- Play games related to the subject you have studied this year from the list provided. Respond to the questions below.

Name of Game:
What is the historical context of the game?
What role do you play? What is the goal?
How do you know if you were successful?
What features of the game did you enjoy?
What historical event that you studied was a part of the game?
What key terms that you used this year were illustrated by the game? Provide two examples.
Did the game emphasize the significance of the event? Explain.
Can this game be described as a historical narrative? Use the rubric below to assist you in your determination.
Historical Narrative Rubric
Are events presented in chronological order?
Yes
No
Are accurate historical elements included in the work?
Yes
No
Does the work blend fictional elements with historical fact?
Yes
No

Overall Summary:

Step 5: Choose an extension activity.
          
            Sample Extension Activities:
·       Critiquing Historical Narratives
·       Game Reviews and Recommendations
·       Writing Historical Narratives

Monday, April 11, 2016

Connecting the Dots

By Jeff Burns 

It’s that time of year again.  I’ve reached the Cold War, and when it’s time to talk about the Red Scare and McCarthyism of the 1950s, it may as well be hundreds of years ago for my students, so every year I use the Dot Game to create a feeling of paranoia.

I first learned about the Dot Game from a History Alive! Training session, and as far as I know, credit goes to the Teachers Curriculum Institute for creating it.  The Dot Game works great for the Red Scare, but it also would work in a unit on the Salem Witch Trials or any period of doubt and suspicion.

The game is easy and 2-3 rounds can be played in 10-15 minutes.  First, you need a set of cards.  I cut index cards in half.  Most of the cards are left blank on both sides, but on some of the cards, make a dot on one side.  (I use C for commie.)  For a set of 30 cards (I make a few more cards than the number of students in my class.), I might include as many as 10 commies.

The night before, I send out a Remind text to students saying “Trust no one.”  (Caution:  Times have changed.  The next day, students said, “Oh, we thought your wife cheated on you or you were warning us about something happening at school.”)  Give each student a card with explicit directions to look at but not to share or show what’s on their card to anyone.  Then explain:  Most of you are good, decent Americans.  However, there are a few dirty, stinking commies amongst you bent on destroying mom, baseball, apple pie, and everything else about the American way of life.  Your job is to form the largest group possible without a communist. You can’t show your card at any time when making groups.

There are two ways to win:  1) the largest group with no communist infiltrator wins and 2) any communist who has successfully infiltrated a group and is the only one in the group is a winner.  I’ve had winning groups of 1 person and as large as 12 people.

Give them 2-3 minutes each round.  At the end of each round, have groups reveal their identity one at a time, starting from the smallest sized groups.  Vary the number of communist cards you give out during each round. On the second or third round, I will interrupt and say things like, “We’ve just confirmed there are at least 3 commies among you…… We’ve now confirmed there at least 5 commies out there…etc.”

After the rounds, debrief.  Ask
  1. How did you feel during the rounds?
  2. How did you know whom to trust?
  3. How did it feel to have your trust betrayed?
  4. How did it feel to be accused but innocent?
  5. Who was the best deceiver?
  6. Who was the worst deceiver?
  7. What were the stakes at risk for losing this game?  (very low level) Now think about nationally in the 1950s.  What were the stakes then?  Can you see how paranoia multiplied and why it affected people so much and why McCarthy was so powerful for a while?
The game really creates a great conversation and makes a real connection, plus it’s fun and involves movement.  My classes always ask to play again and again.



Wednesday, March 23, 2016

Using an Assembly Line as a Hook to Introduce Industrialization

By Jeff Burns

For several years, I’ve been introducing the industrialization of the Gilded Age with an assembly line simulation that’s a lot of fun for students and always leads to a great discussion. I got the inspiration from somewhere, of course, but I’m not sure where, maybe a History Alive (TCI, Teacher’s Curriculum Institute) activity, but I’ve adapted to my classroom and my personal demeanor.  You see, I’m not an overly effusive person; I’m pretty stoic, dour, emotionless – take your pick.  Students lovingly liken me to internet sensation Grumpy Cat. (If only I could channel my personality into tens of millions of dollars like Grumpy Cat.)

This topic usually falls immediately following Thanksgiving for me, so I begin class by spinning an elaborate tale. I tell the class that I had an epiphany over break. I finally figured out the vehicle that will make me a millionaire and allow me to quit teaching.  It’s the toy sensation that will change the world.  Children around the world will go into frenzy for it. I even have a Shark Tank appearance coming up next week to get backers.  I’m sharing it with the class because I need some help creating some initial inventory, and they can help me.

I use these slides to make my pitch.  (The clumsy cheesiness is part of the charm.)


 
 
 
 
The Burnsie bears a remarkable resemblance to myself.  You can make it anything you want, just some simple drawing or folded object.

For the next step, I use rows of five desks each, markers, and lots of paper cut into fourths.  I use scratch paper, extra one-sided copies saved up all year.  Give every student a marker and 4 o 5 paper squares.  Tell them you’re testing them to see who can get in on the ground floor of this money-making opportunity by producing a burnsie inventory. Their instructions are to draw as many burnsies as possible in 15-20 seconds. When time is up, have them count their completed burnsies and examine a few to compare their consistence, with each other and with the original.  Invariably, this first effort is not going to be successful.  I make  big deal about how many more have to be produced and how they have to be consistent.  No matter where they are in the world, children have to wake up to find a consistent, high-quality, handcrafted burnsie under their tree.  How do we achieve that?  Students offer suggestions like, more workers, using photocopiers, stamps, or stencils.  No, I say, that defeats the purpose of hand-crafted, made-in-America quality.  Someone will suggest an assembly line. OK, How does that work? The student explains, and we give it a shot.  I pit rows against each other.  Usually to save paper  at this point, I reduce the pool of workers to two rows pitted against each other and have volunteers staff the rows, while the rest of the class watches. However, you could have more rows competing.  Then each student in the row is assigned a part to draw:  head, face, body, arms, legs.  They have to draw their parts and pass it to the person behind.  For this round, I usually give them 45-60 seconds.  When time is called, we count and talk about consistency and quality (usually better).

Now, that’s better, but not quite good enough, how do we make more,  faster?  They offer various suggestions.  Maybe the boss (me) can offer positive incentives or negative disincentives for example.  We discuss various options.  Someone will then suggest (maybe following my lead) turning the desks side by side to facilitate the passing.  They may even switch positions or participants or make other suggestions that you may want to implement.  We then do 1 or 2 rounds of 45-60 seconds each, and the production is always better.

 
Finally, we debrief.  How did you feel during this simulation?  Participants will say they felt stressed, anxious, etc. What would it feel like to do real assembly line work today?  What are the physical and mental effects of such work?  Now put yourself in a factory in 1890 or so.  What other factors and effect would be involved.  We usually have a great discussion about working conditions.

The finishing touch is to show the classic candy factory scene from I Love Lucy.  It’s available on Youtube, even in new colorized form if you don’t want to shock the students too much.  While some students will have never seen it before (Sadder still, some students may not have a clue who Lucy or what I Love Lucy is.) but most of them will have seen Drake and Josh do almost exactly the same scene, and they are amazed that it was done fifty years earlier by someone else.